This is the Ayyubid Sultanate, the legacy of Salah ad-Din, a run through decades of civil war and crusades, culminating in the rise of the Mamluks.
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Sources:
Abulafia, David. Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor. Oxford University Press, 1992
Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid Marsot. A History of Egypt: From the Arab Conquest to the Present. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Humphreys, R. Stephen. From Saladin to the Mongols. State University of New York Press, 1977.
Lyons, Malcolm Cameron & Jackson, D.E.P. Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War. Cambridge University Press, 1982.